See -ach on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 23 1 1 2 3 1 17 3 1 22 1 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 21 1 1 1 4 1 16 4 1 20 1 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"our (inclusive)"
],
"id": "en--ach-chk-suffix-XJarwfI~",
"links": [
[
"our",
"our"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to possessive nouns) our (inclusive)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to possessive nouns"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ai"
},
{
"word": "nei"
},
{
"word": "-ei"
},
{
"word": "omw"
},
{
"word": "om"
},
{
"word": "noum"
},
{
"word": "-om"
},
{
"word": "an"
},
{
"word": "noun"
},
{
"word": "-an"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "ämach"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "nöu̇mnöüch"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "-em-ach"
},
{
"word": "ämi"
},
{
"word": "ami"
},
{
"word": "noumi"
},
{
"word": "-emi"
},
{
"word": "ar"
},
{
"word": "nour"
},
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "eo",
"3": "-aĉ-"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto -aĉ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "roa"
},
"expansion": "Romance",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Esperanto -aĉ-, from Romance languages.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 23 1 1 2 3 1 17 3 1 22 1 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 21 1 1 1 4 1 16 4 1 20 1 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "nigro (“black person”) + -ach → nigracho (“nigger”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "domo (“house”) + -ach → domacho (“hovel”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to denote substandard degree, lack of quality, or inferiority."
],
"id": "en--ach-io-interfix-~kG-ZP2Y",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/at͡ʃ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "-achán"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "-achas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "mga:-ach"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos",
"4": "*-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-og"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -og",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-óg"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óg",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -óg.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a -acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "níos -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "is -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-each",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "m",
"pos2": "a"
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 30 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English (person)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"id": "en--ach-ga-suffix-36ppa6Wr",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bunús (“basis”) + -ach → bunúsach (“basic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fearg (“anger”) + -ach → feargach (“angry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"id": "en--ach-ga-suffix-w3FqttVo",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-Vkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-Vkos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-Vkos (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in *-Vxs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the genitive singular of some fifth-declension nouns"
],
"id": "en--ach-ga-suffix-ga:genitive",
"senseid": [
"ga:genitive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "-agh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-ach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sga:-ach"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "-óc"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óc",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 20 38 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives meaning \"related to, having, characterised by, prone to\"."
],
"id": "en--ach-mga-suffix-mjcm~c49",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having\"."
],
"id": "en--ach-mga-suffix-qvTUpgFX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ox",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 23 1 1 2 3 1 17 3 1 22 1 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 21 1 1 1 4 1 16 4 1 20 1 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms a comparative adjective"
],
"id": "en--ach-wlm-suffix-REuAoQXT",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "-agh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-ach"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "-ach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "cel-pro:*-ākos<id:adjective>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-óc"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óc",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ācus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ācus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.\nCompare Latin -ācus, -icus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aige",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"dsm": "-uch",
"gsm": "-aig"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_f_sg": "-aig",
"acc_m_pl": "-achu\n-acha†",
"acc_m_sg": "-ach",
"dat_f_sg": "-aig",
"dat_m_sg": "-uch",
"dat_n_sg": "-uch",
"dat_pl": "-achaib",
"gen_f_sg": "-aige",
"gen_m_sg": "-aig",
"gen_n_sg": "-aig",
"gen_pl": "-ach",
"info": "o/ā-stem",
"nom_f_sg": "-ach",
"nom_fn_pl": "-acha",
"nom_m_pl": "-aig",
"nom_m_sg": "-ach",
"nom_n_sg": "-ach",
"notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
"voc_m_pl": "-achu\n-acha†",
"voc_m_sg": "-aig*\n-ach**"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-aig",
"dat_sg": "-uch"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-ach+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "-achu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-ach+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "-achaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-achaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-uch+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "-ach",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-ach+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "-aig+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "-ach+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "-aig+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-ach",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "-ach+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "-achu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-aig",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives meaning \"related to, having, characterised by, prone to\"."
],
"id": "en--ach-sga-suffix-mjcm~c49",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having\"."
],
"id": "en--ach-sga-suffix-qvTUpgFX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ax/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-og"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -og",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "-ag"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ag",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -ag.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-aich",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aichean",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-each",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-aich",
"5": "or",
"6": "-aichean"
},
"expansion": "-ach (plural -aich or -aichean)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 2 2 2 3 2 28 3 2 36 2 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 23 1 1 2 3 1 17 3 1 22 1 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 21 1 1 1 4 1 16 4 1 20 1 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"id": "en--ach-gd-suffix-6zN9VXaw",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ox",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh -ach, from Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ifanc (“young”) + -ach → ifancach (“younger”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pwysig (“important”) + -ach → pwysicach (“more important”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tlawd (“poor”) + -ach → tlotach (“poorer”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a comparative adjective."
],
"id": "en--ach-cy-suffix-cy:comparative_adjective",
"senseid": [
"cy:comparative adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iach",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cor (“dwarf”) + -ach → corrach (“dwarf, gnome”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cawl (“soup”) + -ach → cawlach (“mess, hotchpotch”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dillad (“clothes”) + -ach → dilladach (“old clothes, worthless clothing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pejorative suffix"
],
"id": "en--ach-cy-suffix-cy:pejorative",
"senseid": [
"cy:pejorative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ach f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 21 1 1 1 4 1 16 4 1 20 1 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 24 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "cyfrin (“privy, cryptic”) + -ach → cyfrinach (“secret”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cyfaill (“friend”) + -ach → cyfeillach (“fellowship, companionship”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "clinc (“clink, tinkle”) + tarddu (“emerge, erupt”) + -ach → clindarddach (“crackling; to crackle”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming abstract nouns and some verbnouns"
],
"id": "en--ach-cy-suffix-cy:abstract_noun",
"senseid": [
"cy:abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ai"
},
{
"word": "nei"
},
{
"word": "-ei"
},
{
"word": "omw"
},
{
"word": "om"
},
{
"word": "noum"
},
{
"word": "-om"
},
{
"word": "an"
},
{
"word": "noun"
},
{
"word": "-an"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "ämach"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "nöu̇mnöüch"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "-em-ach"
},
{
"word": "ämi"
},
{
"word": "ami"
},
{
"word": "noumi"
},
{
"word": "-emi"
},
{
"word": "ar"
},
{
"word": "nour"
},
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chuukese lemmas",
"Chuukese suffixes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"our (inclusive)"
],
"links": [
[
"our",
"our"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to possessive nouns) our (inclusive)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to possessive nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "eo",
"3": "-aĉ-"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto -aĉ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "roa"
},
"expansion": "Romance",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Esperanto -aĉ-, from Romance languages.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"Ido interfixes",
"Ido lemmas",
"Ido terms derived from Esperanto",
"Ido terms derived from Romance languages",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "nigro (“black person”) + -ach → nigracho (“nigger”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "domo (“house”) + -ach → domacho (“hovel”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to denote substandard degree, lack of quality, or inferiority."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/at͡ʃ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish adjective-forming suffixes",
"Irish doublets",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish first-declension nouns",
"Irish inflectional suffixes",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine suffixes",
"Irish noun-forming suffixes",
"Irish suffixes",
"Irish terms derived from Middle Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Irish terms inherited from Middle Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-achán"
},
{
"word": "-achas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "mga:-ach"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos",
"4": "*-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-og"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -og",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-óg"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óg",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -óg.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a -acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don -ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na -aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "níos -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "is -aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-each",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "m",
"pos2": "a"
},
"expansion": "-ach m",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English (person)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bunús (“basis”) + -ach → bunúsach (“basic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fearg (“anger”) + -ach → feargach (“angry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish inflectional suffixes",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish suffixes",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-Vkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-Vkos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-Vkos (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in *-Vxs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the genitive singular of some fifth-declension nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"ga:genitive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht",
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ax/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ah/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Irish doublets",
"Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Irish lemmas",
"Middle Irish suffixes",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "-agh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-ach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sga:-ach"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "-óc"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óc",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives meaning \"related to, having, characterised by, prone to\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ox",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh suffixes",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"forms a comparative adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish doublets",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "-agh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-ach"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "-ach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "cel-pro:*-ākos<id:adjective>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-óc"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -óc",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ācus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ācus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.\nCompare Latin -ācus, -icus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aige",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-acha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-achu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ach",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-achaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"dsm": "-uch",
"gsm": "-aig"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_f_sg": "-aig",
"acc_m_pl": "-achu\n-acha†",
"acc_m_sg": "-ach",
"dat_f_sg": "-aig",
"dat_m_sg": "-uch",
"dat_n_sg": "-uch",
"dat_pl": "-achaib",
"gen_f_sg": "-aige",
"gen_m_sg": "-aig",
"gen_n_sg": "-aig",
"gen_pl": "-ach",
"info": "o/ā-stem",
"nom_f_sg": "-ach",
"nom_fn_pl": "-acha",
"nom_m_pl": "-aig",
"nom_m_sg": "-ach",
"nom_n_sg": "-ach",
"notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
"voc_m_pl": "-achu\n-acha†",
"voc_m_sg": "-aig*\n-ach**"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-aig",
"dat_sg": "-uch"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-ach+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "-achu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-ach+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "-achaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-achaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-uch+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "-ach",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-ach+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "-aig+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "-ach+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "-aig+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-ach",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "-ach+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "-achu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-aig",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives meaning \"related to, having, characterised by, prone to\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns meaning \"person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ax/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-og"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -og",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "-ag"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ag",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -ag.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-aich",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aichean",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-each",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-aich",
"5": "or",
"6": "-aichean"
},
"expansion": "-ach (plural -aich or -aichean)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic doublets",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic suffixes",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əx/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine suffixes",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "-ach"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh -ach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*-ox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-ox",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh -ach, from Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ifanc (“young”) + -ach → ifancach (“younger”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pwysig (“important”) + -ach → pwysicach (“more important”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tlawd (“poor”) + -ach → tlotach (“poorer”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a comparative adjective."
],
"senseid": [
"cy:comparative adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine suffixes",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iach",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ach",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cor (“dwarf”) + -ach → corrach (“dwarf, gnome”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cawl (“soup”) + -ach → cawlach (“mess, hotchpotch”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dillad (“clothes”) + -ach → dilladach (“old clothes, worthless clothing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pejorative suffix"
],
"senseid": [
"cy:pejorative"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine suffixes",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ach f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cyfrin (“privy, cryptic”) + -ach → cyfrinach (“secret”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cyfaill (“friend”) + -ach → cyfeillach (“fellowship, companionship”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "clinc (“clink, tinkle”) + tarddu (“emerge, erupt”) + -ach → clindarddach (“crackling; to crackle”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix forming abstract nouns and some verbnouns"
],
"senseid": [
"cy:abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aχ/"
}
],
"word": "-ach"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ach meaning in All languages combined (24.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": "started on line 4, detected on line 4"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'strong noun'",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'weak noun'",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'feminine/neuter'",
"path": [
"-ach"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ach",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.